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Cage 457
Jack (John Woolf) O'Connor
Papers, 1929-1978

Jack O'Connor 1951

The papers of Jack (John Woolf) O'Connor (1902-1978) of Lewiston, Idaho, were donated to the Washington State University Libraries in November 1978, by his son, Bradford O'Connor, and daughters, Caroline O'Connor McCullam and Katherine O'Connor Baker, all of Seattle. The O'Connor papers (MS 78-50) were enlarged by the addition of an extensive correspondence series (MS 79-17) donated by Margorie E. Poleson, long-time secretary to O'Connor, in May 1979. The papers were arranged and processed between November 1981 and May 1982 by Stephen E. Balzarini.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Jack (John Woolf) O'Connor was born in Nogales, Arizona, on January 22, 1902. He spent his formative years in Tempe, Arizona; in December 1917, at the age of 15, he enlisted in the U. S. Army. Owing to a slight case of tuberculosis he was discharged from the 158th Infantry Regiment in late January 1918. Upon recovering from his illness, according to John O'Connor, "I was restless, didn't know what I wanted to do, so I joined the Navy on a two year enlistment in 1919." (The Arizonian, March 13, 1969, p. 22)

He served aboard an old coal-burning destroyer and the battleship U.S.S. Arkansas. The Navy provided the needed perspective on life and he emerged from the service with a desire to get an education: "I saw how hopeless the lives of my uneducated shipmates were." (The Arizonian, March 13, 1969, p.22.) He entered Arizona State Teachers College at Tempe (present Arizona State University) in the fall of 1921; he completed the two year degree program in 1923. Deciding to continue his education, he transferred to the University of Arizona for the 1923-1924 academic year. Dissatisfied with the U of A, he transferred again and completed his bachelor of arts degree at the University of Arkansas in 1925. The year 1927 proved to be eventful for O'Connor: he finished a masters degree from the University of Missouri after two years of graduate work, married Eleanor Bradford Barry whom he had met while attending the University of Arkansas, and got his first teaching job as an associate professor of English at Sul Ross College in Alpine, Texas.

By the mid-1920s, writing had become part of his life. He worked on local newspapers from 1924 through 1931 -- while he was both a student and a teacher -- and became the Associated Press correspondent for southwest Texas in the Alpine region. In the summer of 1929, he finished his first novel, Conquest, a story of the Arizona frontier. Published by Harper in 1930, it was reviewed favorably throughout the nation as a first effort. One Phoenix newspaper critic wrote, however, that because of his portrayal of the Arizona frontier, if O'Connor ever showed up at the annual Arizona Pioneers Society picnic he would be horsewhipped, if indeed not hanged, drawn and quartered. (Jack O'Connor, "Hail and Farewell," Outdoor Life, May 1972, pp. 32-33.) The success of his first novel afforded him a certain amount of prestige and enabled him to return to Flagstaff and Arizona State Teachers College as an assistant professor of English and public relations officer in 1931. It was in 1931 that he published his first outdoor article, "Rifles and Cartridges for Southwestern Game." After having been rejected by the American Rifleman, O'Connor was successful on his second try with Sports Afield. This led to a number of articles in various outdoor magazines, but it was not until May 1934 that he made his first appearance in Outdoor Life with a conservation piece entitled "Arizona's Antelope Problem.

During the decade from the mid-1930s through the mid-1940s, O'Connor maintained both his writing and academic careers. In the fall of l934, O'Connor moved on to the University of Arizona as the university's first associate professor of journalism. He was to remain at the U of A until 1945. On leave during the academic year 1937-1938, O'Connor produced about 18 articles for Outdoor Life; completed his second novel, Boom Town, a story of the Arizona mining frontier; and put together a book entitled Game in the Desert, a compilation of earlier magazine pieces on varous aspects of hunting in the Southwest. While at the University of Arizona, O'Connor became a regular contributor to Outdoor Life with his monthly column, "Getting the Range;" in 1941 he was made gun editor of the magazine. He resigned from the university faculty in 1945 to devote all his energies to writing. In 1948, he moved his family to Lewiston, Idaho, because, as he later remarked, "... the great growth of Arizona annoyed me to the extent that I sold our place in Tuscon and we picked up and moved up here..." He liked Lewiston "...because there is good big game hunting nearby and because there is superb upland [bird] hunting..." (Letter from O'Connor to Jack Pearson, October 31, 1954. O'Connor Papers, Box 3, Folder 65.)

Although O'Connor made Lewiston his permanent home, he was often away, hunting exotic animals in the far off corners of the earth. From the 1940s through the early 1970s, O'Connor stalked his prey on four continents (North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia), and in such places as Rhodesia, Kenya, Tanzania, Tanganyika, India, Iran, Scotland, Spain, Italy, Mexico, the Yukon, Alberta, British Columbia, Alaska, and most of the Western United States. Sheep hunting was his passion and he was only the fifth man to achieve two "grand slams" of all four varieties of North American sheep -- Desert Big Horn, Rocky Mountain Big Horn, Dall, and Stone. At one time, O'Connor held the No. 10 in Stone and No. 12 in Dall trophies in the world records. (New York Times, Tuesday, January 24, 1978, p. 28, col. 3.)

O'Connor enjoyed his work and often commented on his good fortune. In his final piece as Shooting Editor of Outdoor Life, O'Connor wrote: "I have been a very lucky man. I came along at just about the right time." There was a growing interest in outdoor recreation, especially after World War II. This increased interest meant larger circulations for the outdoor magazines. The bigger reading audience attracted more advertising, which, as O'Connor observed, allowed the magazines to "pay more for jobs such as mine." (O'Connor, "Hail and Farewell," p. 102.) Fast and relatively cheap air travel in the 1950s and 1960s made distant hunting grounds accessible to the average hunter. But as O'Connor ended his career in the decade of the 1970s, game laws, exorbitant hunting and licensing fees, and restrictions imposed by conservation minded governments limited access to game animals. Equipment cost became prohibitive; travel and guide costs increased. The big game hunter's era was coming to an end. O'Connor lamented the end of the world as he knew it. He understood that the only way the average hunter would experience the dangers of an Indian tiger hunt, or the exhilaration of an African safari, was through the writings of men such as himself, those few men who were privileged and fortunate enough to be paid for doing what other men could only dream about.

O'Connor shared his experiences in literally hundreds of articles in Outdoor Life and other magazines, as well as over fourteen books, many of which went to several editions. His most popular hunting and shooting books included: The Rifle Book (1949, 3rd edition, 1978), The Complete Book of Rifles and Shotguns (1961, 2nd edition, 1965), The Big Game of North America (1962), The Art of Hunting Big Game in North America (1967, 2nd edition, 1977), and The Best of Jack O'Connor (1977).

In 1972, the year O'Connor retired from Outdoor Life, he received the Winchester-Western Outdoorsman of the Year Award (for 1971). As the recipient of this award he was selected by a national poll of more than 5,000 outdoor writers and conservationists. This award recognized O'Connor's journalistic contributions to not only good sportsmanship and marksmanship, but also to practical conservation practices. Earlier in his career, 1957, O'Connor received the Weatherby Big Game Trophy of the Year Award "for his outstanding sportsmanship and great achievements in the hunting field..." (Weatherby Big Game Trophy Award certificate. O'Connor Papers, Box 11, scrapbook.)

Critical acclaim for O'Connor's outdoor and hunting writings was surpassed only by the overwhelming response to his first attempt at autobiography Horse and Buggy West: A Boyhood on the Last Frontier, published in 1969 by Alfred A. Knopf, recounts O'Connor's boyhood years on the Arizona frontier in the first two decades of the 20th century. In a letter to O'Connor in June 1969, Angus Cameron, O'Connor's editor at Knopf, expressed his faith in Horse and Buggy West: "In terms of critical response... you have proved that you had the overall perspective to encompass local nostalgia and sophisticated criticism." (Ibid, letter from Angus Cameron to O'Connor, June 2, 1969) But The New Yorker magazine viewed O'Connor's work as more than a remembrance of an earlier age: "... because he still feels those years, and is well-able to express his feeling, his reminiscences are also rich, and rich in more than mere nostalgia." (The New Yorker, May 17, 1969, p. 152.)

Senator Barry Goldwater, himself a native Arizonian, wrote to Cameron that Horse and Buggy West was "a different approach than Jack has used before, and, frankly, I think he is more successful in this type of presentation than he has been in the past, even though his other books are excellent." (Letter from Barry Goldwater to Angus Cameron, January 3, 1969. O'Connor Papers, Box 11, scrapbook.)

Although O'Connor retired from Outdoor Life in 1972, he continued to remain active, to hunt, and to write. He joined Peterson's Hunting magazine as executive editor and wrote additional articles for other magazines. His last major sheep hunt occurred in the mid-1970s when he was in his mid-70s. O'Connor died of a heart attack on January 20, 1978, aboard the S.S. Mariposa as it was returning to San Francisco from a three-week cruise to Hawaii.

ARRANGEMENT AND DESCRIPTION

The papers of Jack O'Connor have been arranged in six series: Correspondence, Financial and Legal Records and Documents, Typescripts and Galleys, Photographs, Research and Reference Materials, and Scrapbook.

The first series, Correspondence, has been divided into two sub-series: Chronological, 1931-1978; and Subject, 1929-1978. The Chronological sub-series consists of both incoming and outgoing correspondence during the years from 1931 through April 1978. This sub-series post-dates O'Connor's death because his secretary continued to answer his correspondence for a short period. The chronological file consists primarily of letters to O'Connor concerning some aspect of hunting or firearms. O'Connor provided his readers with information based upon his experiences. This was considered part of his duties as gun editor for Outdoor Life. This sub-series is not restricted, however, to O'Connor's answers to his readers' questions, but also includes personal correspondence. The majority of the chronological sub-series dates from the period after O'Connor's retirement from Outdoor Life, May 1972, and covers the period to his death in early 1978. The second correspondence sub-series, Subject, 1929-1978, consists of both incoming and outgoing correspondence arranged alphabetically by subject. This sub-series includes material about O'Connor's hunting trips to Alaska, India, Iran, Canada, Mexico, and Africa; correspondence with various weapons and ammunition manufacturers; letters to and from his publishers, particularly Alfred A. Knopf; personal correspondence; and correspondence with his readers, including a file of form letters which O'Connor used to answer the more frequently asked questions. Although the sub-series includes material from 1929 through early 1978, it bulks largest from the later 1940s through the mid-1970s.

The second series, Financial and Legal Records and Documents, 1957-1978, consists of royalty statements, federal and state income tax information, a trophy and weapon inventory, and will and probate documents. This material covers the period from 1957 through 1978, but the bulk originates in the 1950s and 1969. This series is arranged alphabetically by subject.

The third series, Typescripts and Galleys, consists of O'Connor's writing in both typescript and printed (primarily galleys and proofs) form. This series is divided into two sub-series: Non-fiction and Fiction. The Non-fiction subseries is further divided into three parts: Outdoor Articles and Stories, Outdoor Booklength Manuscripts, and Autobiographical Material. The Outdoor Articles and Stories sub-sub-series consists of articles and stories pertaining to hunting, guns, and ammunition. This sub-sub-series has been arranged alphabetically by subject; subjects include such things as types of articles, places, and column titles for Outdoor Life (such as "Getting the Range," and "Shooting"). Although generally undated, the bulk of the material dates from the period of the late 1960s through the early 1970s. Included in this sub-sub-series is an index to all of O'Connor's Outdoor Life articles, listed chronologically by date of publication. The second sub-sub-series of the Non-fiction section is Outdoor Booklength Manuscripts. This section includes both typescript and printed material of several of the books that O'Connor wrote on hunting, shooting, and game animals. The manuscripts and proofs are arranged alphabetically by the titles of the works. Those untitled manuscripts are included and alphabetically interfiled with the titled material by the subject of the work, such as "Hunting Stories" or "Sheep." The third sub-sub-series, Autobiographical Materials, consists of autobiography and family history, which O'Connor ultimately synthesized into his published work, Horse and Buggy West: A Boyhood on the Last Frontier. One of the autobiographical manuscripts was tentatively titled "The Confessions of a Gun Editor," but it was neither published nor completed. All of the manuscripts in this section are undated save for the uncorrected proofs of Horse and Buggy West, which was copyrighted in 1969.

The second sub-series of the Typescript and Galley series includes O'Connor's works of fiction. The first sub-sub-series consists of short stories. These are typescript copies of short stories, generally undated, which are arranged alphabetically by title. The only non-typescript short story in this section is entitled "With Bells On" which was published in Redbook Magazine in October 1934. The second sub-sub-series of the Fiction section consists of novels. Both typescript and proof copies exist for his first published novel, Conquest (1930); however, neither typescript nor proof copies exist for his second novel, Boomtown. Except for Conquest, the novels in this section are all undated and the majority are untitled.

The fourth series, Photographs, consists of prints and negatives of photographs used to illustrate O'Connor's various hunting and shooting articles. The series has been divided into two sub-series: Prints and Negatives. The prints are primarily illustrations from several of his books, such as The Shotgun Book. The negatives sub-series, which is by far the largest of the two sub-series, consists primarily of negatives of photographs taken while O'Connor was hunting in various parts of the world. The negatives are arranged alphabetically by subject. The negatives bear O'Connor's labels, consisting of either of the names of the places where he was hunting, or of the types of animals that he was hunting. Consequently, to find negatives of grizzly bears, it is necessary to look under the subject heading "bears" or under the areas in which O'Connor might have hunted grizzly bears, such as Alaska, British Columbia, or perhaps Montana. Those negatives which could not be identified were placed at the end of the negative file. Negatives and photographs used in specific Outdoor Life articles and stories have been placed at the beginning of the negative file and arranged alphabetically by the title of the article. Most of the negatives in the negative file are undated.

The fifth series, Research and Reference Materials, consists of bibliographies, bullet and ballistics information, loading specifications, gun catalogs, specialized reports on game management and populations, monographs and articles on various aspects of hunting and shooting, and weapon specifications. The bulk of the material dates from the early 1950s through the early 1970s, particularly the ballistics and loading information. Included in the Research and Reference Materials series are editions of "The Shooter's Bible," by Stoeger, dating from the later 1940s and earlier 1950s. Some of the gun catalogs, however, date from the early part of the 20th century.

The final series, Scrapbook, is a single scrapbook of newspaper and magazine clippings dating from the late 1940s through O'Connor's obituaries in January 1978. The bulk of the material in this scrapbook consists of reviews of his books, with a large section devoted to reviews from throughout the United States, all concerning Horse and Buggy West. In addition to the newspaper and magazine clippings, there are some photographs of his Outdoor Life retirement dinner, material concerning his Weatherby Award, and photographs and press releases of his Winchester-Western Sportsman Award.

SERIES LIST

Series	Folder
Series 1:Correspondence, 1929-1978
Chronological, 1931-1978	1
Subject, 1929-1978	2-3
Series 2: Financial and Legal Records and Documents, 1957-1978	3
Series 3: Typescripts and Galleys
Non-fiction
Outdoor Articles and Stories	3-4
Outdoor Book Length Manuscripts	4-5
Autobiographical Materials	5-6
Fiction
Short Stories	6
Novels	6
Series 4: Photographs
Prints	6
Negatives	7-8
Series 5: Research and Reference Materials	9-10
Series 6: Scrapbook	11

CONTAINER LIST

Box	Folder	Description	No. of Items
SERIES 1: Correspondence, 1929-1978
		Chronological, 1931-1978
1	1	No date	5
	2-5	July 1931-May 15,1973	475
	6-10	May 16,1973-December 31,1974	810
	11-15	January 1,1975-April 30, 1976	765
	16-19	May 1, 1976-April 17, 1978	825
		Subject, 1929-1978
2	20	"A" correspondence, 1959-1974	35
	21-22	Africa, 1954-1972	85
	23	Aguirre & Aranzabal (Spanish shotgun manufacturers),1968	3
	24	Alaska, 1957-1966	25
		Asia:
	25	India, 1964-1972	35
	26	Iran and India, 1954-1972	100
	27	"B" correspondence, 1959-1972	45
		Boone and Crocket Club:
	28	Correspondence, 1948-1971	50
	29	Records of North America Big Game, 1949-1966	45
	30	"C" correspondence, 1939-1976	50
	31	Canada, 1943-1972	90
	32	"D" correspondence, 1948-1971	40
	33	"F" correspondence, 1959-1969	15
	34	Family correspondence, 1963-1978	25
	35	Federal Cartridge Corp., 1959-1972	40
	36	Form letters, n.d.	100
	37	"G" correspondence, 1961-1972	45
	38	Germany, 1952-1963	7
	39	Guides and Outfitters, 1969 and 1972	10
	40	"H" correspondence	25
	41	"I" correspondence	10
	42	"J" correspondence	45
	43	Jonas Brothers, 1964-1970	6
	44	"K" correspondence, 1965-1971	30
	45-46	Knopf, Alfred A., Publisher, 1948-1976	300
	47	"L" correspondence, 1953-1972	45
	48	"M" correspondence, 1956-1976	60
	49	"Mc" correspondence, 1944-1972	45
	50	Mexico correspondence, 1961-1972	25
	51	"N" correspondence, 1929-1973	15
	52	"O" correspondence, 1951-1971	25
3	53	Outdoor Life, 1945-1971	125
	54	O'Connor accident, 1957-1958,	5
	55	"P" correspondence, 1969-1972	35
	56	Pending, 1947-1974	40
	57	Poleson (Marge), letters from Jack O'Connor, 1974-1978	12
	58	Popular Science Publishing Co., Inc., 1954	2
	59	"Q" correspondence, 1967-1972	4
	60	"R" correspondence, 1970-1976	3
	61	Remington Arms Company, Inc., 1950-1972	65
	62	"S" correspondence, 1965-1976	35
	63	Savage Arms Corporation, 1972	1
	64	Sheep, 1951-1971	25
	65	Sigma Chi Fraternity, 1954-1967	6
	66	"T" correspondence, 1962-1971	15
	67	"U" correspondence, 1954-1971	13
	68	"V" correspondence, 1954-1976	7
	69	"W" correspondence, 1954-1972	75
	70	Weatherby, 1961-1972	55
	71	Winchester, 1947-1975	40
	72	"Y" correspondence, 1965	1
	73	"Z" correspondence, 1950-1972	10
Box	Folder	Description	No. of Items
SERIES 2: Financial and Legal Records and Documents, 1957-1978
	74	Royalty statements, 1957	5
		Tax information:
	75	Federal, 1969	30
	76	State (Idaho), 1955-1958	8
	77	Trophy and weapon inventory, n.d.	7
	78	Will and probate, 1978
Box	Folder	Description	No. of Items
SERIES 3: Typescripts and Galleys, 1930-1978
		Non-Fiction
		Outdoor Articles and Stories:
	79	Arms and Ammo, n.d.	7
	80	Articles, 1974-1977	8
	81	Articles and stories (not O'Connor), n.d.	25
		Big Game:
	82	Africa, n.d.	17
	83	Asia, n.d.	5
	84	Canada, n.d.	1
	85	Mexico, n.d.	10
	86	Miscellaneous, n.d.	3
	87	United States, n.d.	6
	88	Birds (Upland Game), n.d.	1
	89	"Cities in the Sky," n.d.	1
	90	Fragments of articles and stories, n.d.	50
	91-93	"Getting the Range," 1964-1966, 1971-1972	40
	94-95	"Guns and Shooting," articles, n.d.	32
4	96	Hunting Hall of Fame speech, n.d.	1
	97	Hunting stories and articles, n.d.	40
	98	Index. Outdoor Life, articles and stories, 1934-1972	3
	99	"Letters to Jim Hack," Feb. 17, 1969	1
		Outdoor Life (articles and stories):
	100	Guns and shooting, 1939-1971	45
	101	Hunting, 1947-1972	30
	102	Shooting, n.d.	7
	103-115	Shooting, 1958, 1960, 1962-1972	115
	116	Turin, Italy. Article, n.d.	1
		Outdoor Booklength Manuscripts:
	117	"The Art of Hunting Big Game," 1967 (typescript)	1
5	118	The Art of Hunting Big Game, 2nd ed., 1976 (galleys)	1
	119	"The Best of Jack O'Connor," n.d. (typescript)	1
	120	Game in the Desert, n.d. (typescript)	1
	121	Game in the Desert Revisited, 1977 (unbound book)	1
	122	"The Hunting Rifle," n.d. (typescript)	1
	123	Hunting Stories, n.d. (untitled collection, typescript)	1
	124	Outdoor Life Shooting Book, 1957; 2nd ed., 1978 (book and typescript)	2
		The Rifle Book:
	125	Corrections, 1976-1978 (typescript)	1
	126	Masterproof, reproof, and setting mss., 1977	1
	127	Final proof, 1978	1
	128-129	Sheep book, n.d. (untitled collection, typescript)	2
		Autobiographical Material:
	130	Autobiographical ("The Confessions of a Gun Editor"), n.d.	1
	131	Autobiography and Family History (typescript), n.d.	1
6	132-134	Autobiography (typescript), n.d.	3
	135	Horse and Buggy West (uncorrected proofs), 1969	1
		Fiction
		Short Stories:
	136	"Afternoon in Spring," n.d. (typescript)	1
	137	"Anniversary," n.d. (typescript)	1
	138	"Blood and the Lamb," n.d. (typescript)	1
	139	"Flight to the Wilderness," n.d. (typescript)	1
	140	"A Friend of the Family," n.d. (typescript),	1
	141	"Good Indian," n.d. (typescript)	1
	142	"The Greenhorn," n.d. (typescript)	1
	143	"The Kid with the High I.Q.," n.d. (typescript)	11
	144	"The Last of the Hostiles," n.d. (typescript)	1
	145	"The Revolt of the Animals," n.d. (typescript)	1
	146	"With Bells On," Redbook Magazine, Oct. 1934, pp. 52-55	1
		Novels:
		Conquest:
	147	Typescript, n.d.	1
	148	Uncorrected proofs, 1930	1
	149	"Forever this Memory," n.d. (typescript)	1
	150	Untitled, n.d. (typescript)	1
	151	Untitled, n.d. (typescript)	1
	152	Untitled, n.d. (typescript)	1
	153	Untitled, n.d. (typescript)	1
	154	"Shadows on a Screen," n.d. (typescript)	1
	155	"The Year of the Rat," n.d. (typescript)	1
Box	Folder	Description	No. of Items
SERIES 4: Photographs
		Prints:
	156-159	Photographs, n.d.	200
		Negatives:
7	160-181	Articles and stories (titled), n.d.	220
	182-216	Africa (places and animals)	1400
	217-231	Alaska - Asia	230
	232-242	Bears - Birds	350
	243-253	British Columbia - Bullets	275
	254-265	Canada - Coyotes	360
	266-274	Deer (mule)	200
	275-287	Deer (whitetail)	400
	288-289	Doves	100
	290-293	Elk	160
8	294-303	Family	250
	304-320	Guns	400
	321-322	Handguns - Hunting	25
	323-333	Idaho - Iran	360
	334-338	Jackrabbits - Javelinas	125
	339-343	Kudu - Lions	150
	344-350	Mexico - Moose	210
	351-354	Persepolis (Iran) - Pheasants	125
	355-359	Quail	100
	360-380	Scotland - Shooting	850
	381-395	Tigers - Turkeys	500
	396-401	Varmints	500
	402-410	Wyoming - Yukon	175
	411-426	Unidentified	450
Box	Folder	Description	No. of Items
SERIES 5: Research and Reference Materials
9	427	Bibliographies, n.d.	15
	428	Bibliographic Cards, n.d.	150
	429	Bullet/Ballistics/Loading Information, n.d.	2
		Bullet and Ballistics Reports:
	430	Calibers: .17-.270, 1952-1971	100
	431	Calibers: 7mm and 7mm Mag., 1952-1971	75
	432	Calibers: .300-.416, 1952-1970	115
	433	Research materials, n.d.	10
10		Research and reference materials: gun catalogs, outdoor articles and monographs, reports, and ballistic data	18
Box	Folder	Description
SERIES 6: Scrapbook
11		Scrapbook (newspaper clippings), 1949-1978	10