WSU Library Instruction

• Arrange entries in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author. Alphabetize letter by letter.
• Order for several works by the same first author:
  1. Single-author entries precede multiple-author entries beginning with the same surname, earliest first.
  2. References with the same first author and different second or third authors are arranged alphabetically by the surname of the second author, etc.
  3. References with the same authors in the same order are arranged by year of pub., the earliest first.
  4. Works by different authors with the same surname are arranged alphabetically by the first initial.
  5. Works with no authors are arranged by the first word in the title (not including A, The, etc.) .
  6. Works specifically listing the author as Anonymous list entry alphabetically as if a name were listed.
  7. Works with corporate authors are listed alphabetically by the first significant word of the name. Use complete names of institutions, do not abbreviate.

Books

• Author's name(s). Year of publication. Title (Edition). Location of publisher. Publisher.
• If there are more than six authors, list the first six and "et al" indicating there are additional authors.

Book with an Editor

• Editors names(Ed.). Year of publication. Title. Location of publisher. Publisher.
• Begin with the name of the editor(s) followed by the abbreviation ED. (or Eds.) in parentheses.

Example:

Simpson, A., & Burns, M. (Eds.). (1989). The flying hellfish. Cypress Creek, SD: Globex Press.

Article or Chapter in an Edited or Reference Book

• Author's name(s). Year of publication. Chapter / entry title. In Editor(s) (ED.).Title of book (pages). Location of publisher. Publisher.

Example:

Simpson, C., & Lumpkin, L. (1989). Country singin' ain't for me. In E. Winthrop (Ed.), Traveling Country (pp. 352-358). Washington, DC: Country Press.

Electronic Book

• Author's name(s). Year of publication. Title. Retrieved from URL
• Use "Available from" instead of "Retrieved from" when the URL leads to information on how to obtain the cited material rather than to the material itself.

Example:

Wiggum, C. (1993). Big Daddy in the Big Easy. Retrieved from http://www.wiggumpi.com/pubs/bigeasy.asp?itemid3528

Electronic Book chapter

• Author's name(s). Year of publication. Title of chapter. In Editors names (Eds.), Book title (pp. xxx- xxx). Retrieved from URL
• The database name is included in the reference to aid readers in finding an electronic version of the book because it may be difficult to find in print

Example:

Frink, J. (2007). The flying motorcycle. In C.M. Burns (Ed.), Nuclear powered Vehicles of tomorrow (pp.352 - 420). Retrieved from http://www.nuclearebooks.com/frink/NPVT.html.

Proceedings

• Author's name(s). Year of publication. Title of article. In Editor(s) (Eds.). Title of Proceedings (pp. xxx - xxx). Location of publisher. Publisher. doi: (if available)

Example with doi:

Simpson, M. (2009). Innovations in applications of salt and other pretzel toppings. In F. Ormand (Ed.), Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium on Stadium Food (pp. 12- 23). Vancouver, British Columbia: Fallout Press.

Example without doi:

Van Houten, N., & Flanders, R. (1975). Nachos Flanders style. In H. Krustofski (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Stadium Food (pp. 123-157). Vancouver, British Columbia: Fallout Press.

Journal Article

• Author's name(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, volume. Page numbers. doi: (if available)
• For periodicals where each issue begins on page one, list the issue immediately after the volume number in parentheses.
• First example uses cumulative pagination.

• Second example is for an article with no doi, where each issue at page 1.

Example:

McAllister, C., & Nahasapeemapetilon, S. (1991). Robbed again: returning to work after being held up. Journal of Kwiki Management, 22(3), 17-29.

Magazine Article

• Author's name(s). Date (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of periodical, (issue). Page numbers.
• For periodicals where each issue begins on page one, list the issue immediately after the volume number in parentheses.
• First example uses cumulative pagination.

• Second example is for an article with no doi, where each issue at page 1.

Example:

Duff, E. (1993, May 4). Dealing with a surly brewer. Brewers Magazine, 32, 35-38.

Newspaper Article

• Author's name(s). Date (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of newspaper, pages.

Example:

Ziff, A. (1990, February 18). Bigfoot still at large. National Informer, pp. A1, A3.

Online Journal Article with a doi

• Author's name(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, volume. Page numbers. doi: (if available)
• Note: A doi or digital object identifier is a unique number identifying the resource that may be used to locate the item.
• For periodicals where each issue begins on page one, list the issue immediately after the volume number in parentheses.
• Note: Date of retrieval is only used for resources that may change or be updated, and not used for books or published articles in their final state. It is not necessary if the work is in its final state.
• Example is for an article with a doi, where each issue at page 1 (note the inclusion of the issue number in parentheses).

• Example for an article where pagination is cumulative throughout the volume.

Example:

Stevens, M., & Stewart, M. (2000). Life on the run. On the Lamb Quarterly, 28, 220-247. doi:11.1019/003-3528.93.4.444

Online Journal Article without a doi

• Author's name(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, (volume) page. Retrieved from URL
• Note: Date of retrieval is only used for resources that may change or be updated, and not used for books or published articles in their final state. It is not necessary if the work is in its final state.
• Note: A doi or digital object identifier is a unique number identifying the resource that may be used to locate the item.
• Note: If there is no doi and the work was accessed online, list the URL for the homepage of the journal.

Example:

Bouvier, S., & Monroe, M. (1998). Shocking: the therapy used today. Psychology Journal, 18(1), 22-25. Retrieved from http://psychjourn.com/

Online Magazine article

• Author's name(s). (Year, Month). Title of article. Title of periodical, (volume) page(s). Retrieved from URL

Online Newspaper Article

• Author's name(s). Date (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, page(s). Retrieved from URL
• Note: Date of retrieval is only used for resources that may change or be updated, and not used for books or published articles in their final state. It is not necessary if the work is in its final state.

Example:

Nahasapeemipetilon, A. (1990, April 22). 357 Magnum the clown stopper. Morning Maker News, p. A1. Retrieved from http://www.morningmakernews.com

Online Book Review

• Author's name(s). Date (Year, Month Date). Book Review Title [Review of Book Title, by Book Author(s) Name(s)]. Title of Source Review appears in, Volume pages. doi

Example:


Grimes, F. (1996, October 27). How we wish we knew less of him [Review of the book Homer, I hardly knew me, by H. J. Simpson]. Nuclear Power-Plants Today, 42 32-33. doi:10.1234/Nuclear.456.75.432

Web documents share many of the same elements found in print documents (authors, titles, dates). The reference citation for a Web document often follows a format similar to that for a print document citation.

Webpage (Nonperiodical)

• Author's name(s). (Publication date). Title of document. Retrieved from URL
• Begin with the title of the website if no author is listed.
• If a date is not available put (n.d.) after the title.

Second Example has no date listed:

Dempsey, A. (n.d.). Eyelashes: Batem' if you got'em. Retrieved from http://soyouwanttobeabeautyqueen.com/

Third Example has no Author and no date

Plastic surgery: knowing when it's the right move for you. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.drnicksplasticsurgery.com/when.html

Online Photograph or Image

• Primary Conributor(s)(s) names (Indicate Type of contribution [see below]). (Date). Image Title [Photograph orImage]. Retrieved from URL
• Note:Use n.d. when no date is available.
• Note:List the primary contributors in the author position and use parentheses to identify their contribution (Director, Producer, etc.).
• Note:When no primary contributor is listed begin with the title.

Example:

Springfield Nuclear Power (Producer). (2008). Nuclear Powerplant [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://springfieldnuclearpp.com/pics/img123.jpg

Wikis

• Article Title. (Date). Retrieved Date, from (wiki title): URL
• Note: For material that may change over time APA requires the inclusion of a retrieval date.

Weblog Post or Comment

• Author. Date (Year, Month Date). Re: Title [Web log post]. Retrieved from URL
• Use [web log post] for messages posted to the blog and [web log comment] when citing a comment to a blog.

Video Weblog

• Author. Date (Year, Month Date). Title [Video file]. Retrieved from URL

Example:

Lovejoy, H. (2005, November 11). Marge's hair is unnaturally blue [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4Uw8thmeR3ad1st

Podcast

• Primary Conributor(s)(s) names (Indicate Type of contribution [see below]). Date (Year, Month Date). Podcast Title [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from URL
• Note:Use n.d. when no date is available.
• Note:List the primary contributors in the author position and use parentheses to identify their contribution (Director, Producer, etc.).

Example:

Mel, S. (Producer). (n.d.). Hair-bones in high style. Krustyland Studios Online. [Audio podcast] Retrieved from http://krustofski.com

Newsgroup, Online Forum, or Discussion Group

• Author. Date (Year, Month Date). Re: Post Title [Online forum Comment]. Retrieved from URL.

Example:

Pie, A. (2008, August 20). Re: The Eye in the Sky [Online forum Comment]. Retrieved from news://report.helicopter/artie/from_above

Video

• Author (see bullet below). (Date). Title [Format]. Available from URL.
• List the primary contributors in the author position and indicate their contribution in parentheses (Director, Producer, etc).

Example:

McClure, T. (Director). (1988). "P" is for psycho[DVD]. Available from http://neverbeenfilmedpictures.com/McClure/psycho