Francis Marion Ownbey Papers, 1934-1974

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Cage 320
Francis Marion Ownbey
Papers, 1934-1974

The papers of Francis Marion Ownbey, Jr. (1910-1974) were transferred from the Washington State University Ownbey Herbarium to the Washington State University Library in 1975. The papers were processed by Lawrence Stark in April and May of 1976.

Number of Containers: 35
Linear Feet of Shelf Space: 17.5
Approximate Number of Items: 11,000

BIOGRAPHY

A native of Missouri, Marion Ownbey was one of three twentieth century Ownbeys associated with plant taxonomy, the others being his brother Gerald Ownbey and his wife Ruth Peck Ownbey. His botanical education began at the University of Wyoming and its Rocky Mountain Herbarium and continued at Washington University in St. Louis and the associated Missouri Botanical Garden. Major influences on the early parts of his education were Aven Nelson and J. M. Greenman, two older taxonomists whose methods stressed close study of the details of plants, especially of dried specimens, and careful and precise organization of the knowledge of those plants. Their approach had been especially useful in criticising and revising the original description of North American flora, a development in which both had also participated. Though their approach was similar to that long used by botanists, it tried the patience of many, who could see no relation between modern science and the dried plant collections of the "haymaker" botanists, as they were derisively called. Moreover, their field had been much vexed by a troublesome and perhaps needless debate over the rules of botanical nomenclature. Nevertheless, by the 1920s and 1930s American taxonomists had essentially completed a catalog of North American plants and were well into a cycle of critical revision. This revisionary cycle consisted largely of a long sequence of "monographed genera." By the 1920s, this expression had come to mean the extensive and comprehensive examination of all literature and herbarium specimens of particular genera, resulting in lengthy and exhaustive monographic publications, then considered the mark of competence as a plant taxonomist. In this milieu, Ownbey began his career as a botanist. Not surprisingly he began with an attempt to study and revise Castellija, an extensive and complex genus which other taxonomists had worked with for years without producing a definitive statement.

Ownbey encountered difficulties with his effort to become the authoritative specialist on Castellija, and not until much later in his life did he complete his Castellija project. Yet it was not simply problems with this genus which marked his early career, but problems with the whole approach of plant taxonomy, and the influence of a newer means for approaching this science. This influence had come into the Missouri Botanical Garden in the person of Edgar Anderson, a geneticist who had, as he put it, invaded the field of plant taxonomy in search of an explanation of the mechanisms of the evolution of species. Anderson appeared to offer a newer philosophy for taxonomy, a field which seemed to be in need of such. He called for a combination of genetics, cytology and taxonomy, with a considerable influence of such diverse fields as paleontology, archaeology, anthropology and history also represented in his approach. Anderson's approach tended to stress common weeds and agronomic plants typified by the common road-side plants of the genus Tradeseantia. (See Edgar Anderson, Plants, Men and Life (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1952) 16-30.) Ownbey may even have assisted briefly in the famous Tradeseantia project.

Anderson's influence also appeared in Ownbey's adoption of the genus Calochortus as his primary field of investigation, for this genus featured many examples of the hybridizations and combinations of genetic materials which Anderson stressed. Calochortus, accordingly, became a life-long interest. A similar generic revision was added to Ownbey investigations in the early 1940s, shortly after he had become a botany instructor and herbarium curator at Washington State University. The second project concerned the genus Allium, a diverse genus containing both natural and domestic species and again much characterized by various hybridizations. Done in conjunction with a WSU cytologist, Hannah Aase, the Allium project combined traditional methods of plant description with root-tip chromosome counts and garden experiments. It resulted in a number of papers which constituted definitive revision of the North American species of this genus. In addition to these two projects, Ownbey began work on a general Flora of the Pacific Northwest with another Missouri Botanical Garden alumnus, C. Leo Hitchcock, who by the 1940s was at the University of Washington. Ownbey also participated briefly in a war-time botanical expedition seeking pharmaceutical plants in Ecuador.

Had Ownbey continued as he started he would have been known principally as someone who had revised hybridization-prone genera and as a contributor to a regional Flora. However, an almost accidental observation in the late 1940s took his career into a considerably different direction and into the project with which he became identified in his profession. This project concerned the genus Tragopogon, an introduced plant of the American West, some varieties of which had been used as a garden vegetable. This genus was prone to hybridization and Ownbey observed it informally for several years. He first commented on it in 1946 in a letter to geneticist Charles Hieser. But not until early June of 1949 did he make the discovery that he had observed the natural evolution of new species of Tragopogon occurring in his back yard. The first known observation of a species evolving in nature, Ownbey's Tragopogon study indicated that a chromosomal doubling had occurred without human intervention and an apparently stable species had appeared. His description to a colleague carried his sense of excitement about the discovery of the polyploid Tragopogon species:

"I have been having an exciting time this spring studying the origins of species in Tragopogon through natural hybridization and amphiploidy. We have three introduced species in the Palouse area which hybridize readily whenever any two grow together. The three Fl hybrids are highly sterile but give rise on occasion to three possible amphiploid. I have been observing the Fl hybrids between the two species for several years. This spring I found their amphidiploid and with this lead worked out the rest of the story. It is easily the most spectacular case that has yet been discovered. This would apply to the first case let alone its triplication." (Ownbey to Phillip Munz, June 28, 1949)

An informal paper on the genetic behavior of Tragopogon presented these observations in the spring of 1949. The following year a more formal presentation appeared in the American journal of Botany, at which time Ownbey assigned names and published description of the two newly-evolved species of Tragopogon. Despite the publication of the species, Ownbey felt a degree of reservation about his findings. In later publications he expressed caution about the validity of the new species, although he continued to list them. Such, for example, was his practice in Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, the regional Flora produced in cooperation with his associate Hitchcock and another collaborator, Arthur Cronquist, who joined in the project in the late 1940s.

Tragopogon tended to dominate the rest of Ownbey's botanical career. His initial article of the subject quickly proved to be a classic. More writing on the subject followed closely. Then in 1954, the investigation of further phases of Tragopogon won Ownbey a Guggenheim fellowship. The fellowship enabled Ownbey to spend a year in Europe examining historical Tragopogon specimens, as well as affording time to observe some species in their native area of the Balkan peninsula. It also enabled him to establish contact with Russian, Bulgarian and Turkish botanists, who offered to find specimens of the varieties of Tragopogon found in remote areas, principally within the Soviet Union.

Ownbey returned to the United States with much information about Tragopogon, though not enough to complete a global generic survey. For several years he sought to acquire the Asian species necessary to the task, but only over a long period of time did some material become available. Even the Russian correspondents had difficulty acquiring materials, as many of the species existed in remote areas of the Caucasus and Asiatic Russia, and, possibly, they had been discouraged from cooperation with a western geneticist. Consequently Ownbey's work with Tragopogon tended to take a more specialized approach. His greenhouse and garden plantings, accordingly, came to be used by himself and a succession of graduate students as materials for examination of very specific questions about genetic mechanisms.

In the later 1950s, Ownbey partly turned his attention from the Tragopogon project to production of Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Although this five-volume work came to be more the project of Hitchcock and Cronquist, two more traditional taxonomists, Ownbey's genetic insights had an influence. Working in close association with Cronquist, who was located in New York City, Ownbey proved he could also work in traditional manners. This approach also appeared in his contribution of the section on the genus Castellija, in which he "monographed" the genus with Greenmanian thoroughness.

Through the 1950s and 1960s, a constant series of small matters concerning Allium and Calochortus had been in the background of the more spectacular Tragopogon project and the regional flora. Also, Ownbey had been administering the University herbarium during all this time, as well as teaching classes in botany. By the later 1960s the herbarium and his teaching duties began to occupy greater portions of his time, and his research activity slackened. He died in December 1974 at the age of 64. Shortly afterward, the University herbarium was named the Marion Ownbey Herbarium as a tribute to him.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPERS

Marion Ownbey's papers consist of correspondence, research materials, drafts of writings, and field notes, all relating to his activities as a plant taxonomist and geneticist. The correspondence contains many extensive personal reflections on problems of plant taxonomy, on the revision of the genera Allium, Calochortus and Castellija, and on his classic observations of the genetic behavior of the genus Tragopogon. Research notes on all of these projects provide complementary documentation. Ownbey's papers also contain materials relative to herbarium administration, composition of Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, and matters involving teaching and research at Washington State University.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE PAPERS

The papers are arranged in three series, following Ownbey's original order with slight modification. The first, correspondence is arranged in a chronological sequence, with an index to the major items. The second series, research materials, is arranged according to projects, while the third, materials relating to teaching and faculty matters, is arranged by subjects.

CONTAINER LIST

Box	Folder	Description	# of Items

Series 1: General Correspondence, 1935-1974			8000

1	1	1935-1938
	2	1939
	3	Jan-May 1940
	4	June-Dec 1940
	5	Jan-Mar 1941
	6	Apr-Aug 1941
	7	Sept-Dec 1941
2	8	Jan-Mar 1942
	9	Apr-July 1942
	10	Aug-Dec 1942
	11	Jan-Mar 1943
	12	Apr-July 1943
	13	Aug-Dec 1943
	14	Jan-June 1944
	15	July-Sept 1944
	16	Oct-Dec 1944
3	17	Jan-Mar 1945
	18	Apr-June 1945
	19	July-Oct 1945
	20	Nov-Dec 1945
	21	Jan-Mar 1946
	22	Apr-Aug 1946
	23	Sept-Dec 1946
4	24	Jan-Apr 1947
	25	May-July 1947
	26	Aug-Dec 1947
	27	Jan-Mar 1948
	28	Apr-June 1948
	29	July-Sept 1948
	30	Oct-Dec 1948
	31	Jan-Mar 1949
	32	Apr-June 1949
5	33	July-Sept 1949
	34	Oct-Dec 1949
	35	Jan-Mar 1950
	36	Apr-June 1950
	37	July-Sept 1950
	38	Oct-Dec 1950
	39	Jan-Apr 1951
	40	May-June 1951
6	41	July-Sept 1951
	42	Oct-Dec 1951
	43	Jan-June 1952
	44	July-Dec 1952
	45	Jan-Mar 1953
	46	Apr-June 1953
	47	July-Sept 1953
	48	Oct-Dec 1953
7	49	Jan-Apr 1954
	50	May-Dec 1954
	51	Jan-Sept 1955
	52	Oct-Dec 1955
	53	Jan-Mar 1956
	54	Apr-June 1956
	55	July-Sept 1956
	56	Oct-Dec 1956
8	57	Jan-Mar 1957
	58	Apr-Sept 1957
	59	Oct-Dec 1957
	60	Jan-Mar 1958
	61	Apr-May 1958
	62	June-Sept 1958
	63	Oct-Dec 1958
	64	Jan-Mar 1959
	65	Apr-Sept 1959
	66	Oct-Dec 1959
9	67	Jan-May 1960
	68	June-Dec 1960
	69	Jan-June 1961
	70	July-Dec 1961
	71	Jan-June 1962
	72	July-Dec 1962
	73	Jan-June 1963
	74	July-Dec 1963
10	75	Jan-June 1964
	76	July-Dec 1964
	77	Jan-Aug 1965
	78	Sept-Dec 1965
	79	Jan-June 1966
	80	July-Dec 1966
	81	Jan-June 1967
	82	July-Dec 1967
11	83	1968
	84	1969
	85	1970
	86	1971
	87	1972
	88	1973
	89	1974
	90	n.d., enclosures
12	91	Herbarium correspondence of Sherman Preece and Gwendolyn Wild, 1954-1955.	175
	92	University of Washington Press, business forms and related documents, 1962-1973.	30

Series 2: Research Activities

	93	Research Reports to University Research Committee, 1951-1966.	150
	94	Notes and fragments relative to research projects, ca. 1940-ca. 1960.	60
	95	Reprints of Ownbey's articles.	25
	96	Early, unpublished and preliminary papers, oral presentations, ca. 1938-1965	15
		Field Notebooks
		Date: Specimen Numbers
13	97	1934: 28-227
	98	1934: 228-403
	99	1934: 404-494
	100	1935: 494-1012
	101	1936: 1013-1181
	102	1937: 1251-1578
	103	1938-1940: 1601-1939
	104	1940: 2001-2377
	105	1941: 2378-2518
	106	1942: 2520-3091
	107	1947-1952: 3092-3367
	108	1953-1969: 3368-3503
	109	1943-1944: Ecuadorian Journal and Collection Notes
	110	1947: Chelan County, 1-153
	111	1940: Journal
		Garden Books-Heald/Science Gardens
14	112	1948
	113	1949
	114	1958
	115	1959
	115b	Garden 1964
		Minor Studies
	116	Dicentra.	12
	117	Balsomorhiza.	10
	118	Liliaceae of Washington.	5
	119	Disporum maculatum.	5
15	120	Gaillardia.	5
	121	Castellija of Idaho.	3
	122-23	Castellija of the Pacific Northwest.	7
	124	Survey of Genus Castellija.	125
	125	Polygonatum and Fritillaria.	10
		Calochortus
16	126	Collection record book
	127-29	Planting record book
17	130-35	Planting record books [135 Hybrids]
	136	Calochortus of the Pacific Northwest.	52
	137	Cytological notes and drawings
	138	Miscellaneous notes on Calochortus.	10
		Allium
18	139-40	Collection and accession record book.	5
	141-44	Garden record books.	4
	145	Record of crosses.	1
19	146	Allium keys
	147	A. aaseae
	148	A. acuminatum
	149	A. amplectens
	150	A. anceps
	151	A. brevistylum
	152	A. brandegei
	153	A. cernum
	154	A. crenulatum
	155	A. douglasii
	156	A. elmendorfii
	157	A. glandorum
	158	A. gooddingii
	159	A. fibrillum
	160	A. hyalinum
	161	A. kunthi
	162	A. lemmoni
	163	A. madidum
	164	A. parvum
	165	A. peninsularare
	166	A. platycanle
	167	A. schoenoprasm
	168	A. simillimum
	169	A. stellatum
	170	A. tricoccum
	171	A. tolmiei
	172	A. validum
	173	Miscellaneous
	174	Allium chromosomes
20	175	Aeuminatum alliance
	176	Campanulatum (bisceptrum) alliance
	177-79	Canadense alliance
	180	Sanbornii alliance
	181	Obtusum alliance
21	182	Allium of the Pacific Northwest
	183	Allium of Arizona
	184	Allium of Idaho
	185-86	Allium of Texas
		Tragopogon
22	187	Tragopogon accessions list
	188-89	Notes on the genus Tragopogon
	190	Record book of specimens observed at Kew, Vienna, Firenze and Paris
	191	Record book of specimens observed at De Candolle Herbarium, Bossier Herbarium and the British Museum
	192	Record book of specimens observed at Geneva
		Observation Notebooks
	193	1949 notes
23	194	Fl 1950-1951
	195	F2 1952
		Garden Books
	196	1950-1951
	197	1951-1952
	198	1953, I
	199	1953, II
	200	1954
	201	1955-1956
	202	1957
	203	1958
	204	1959
	205	1960
	206	1961
	207	1962
24	208	1963
	209	1964
	210	1965
	211	1966
	212	1968
	213	1969
	214	1972
		Greenhouse Books
	215	1953
	216	1955
	217	1956-1957
	218	1958-1959
	219	1960-1961
	220	1962-1967
	221	1967-1972
25	222	Seed Record Book, 1956-1965
		Seed Fertility Count Books
	223	1952-1953
	224	1953
	225	1954
	226	1956-1958
	227	1959-1960
	228	1962-1963
	229	1964-1965
	230-31	Fertility Summary Data Book
	232	Pollen Count Book, 1957
	233	Pollen Count Book, 1958-1959
	234	Laboratory Record Book, 1953
	235	Fixing, Sectioning, Staining Record Book, 1955
	236	Summary and Analysis Book, 1953-1954
	237-38	"14" (see No. 215)
26	239	T. dubius hybrids, notebook
	240	T. porrifolius, notebook
	241	T. orientalis, notebook
	242-43	T. pratensis hybrids I, notebooks
	244-47	S-I species, 1963-1964, notebooks
	248-50	Sinnatus Complex, 1960, notebooks
27	251	Meiosis
	252	Mitosis, 1951, notebook
	253	Mitosis, Tragopogon hybrids, 1951, notebook
	254	Mitosis, 1951-1952, notebook
	255	Mitosis, 1965, notebook
	256-57	Miscellaneous notes on Tragopogon, ca. 1950-ca. 1960.	200
28	258	Tragopogon Summary Sheets.	50
29	259	Tragopogon Summary Sheets.	50
30	260-61	Drafts of Tragopogon Articles, ca. 1950-ca. 1963.	10
	262	Photographs, ca. 1949-1960. 12
	263	Research support, ca. 1950-1965.	50
	264	Tragopogon materials of Bert Brehm, ca. 1965-1968.	30
	264b	Tragopogon material of Ray Hoff

Series 3: University Faculty and Teaching Materials

31	265-76	Botany 541, Evolution. Course notes, 1968-1973.	300
32	277-82	Evolutionary Mechanisms, Seminar Papers, 1973.	6
	283	Entomology/Zoology 511, Principles of Systematic Biology. Syllabus and Notes, 1972.	3
	284	Cytogenetics. Notes, 1950-1954.	50
	285	Graduate Student Recruitment; Financial Aid, ca. 1955-1970.	100
	286	Field Trip, 1941.	3
	287	Botany Department Staff, memoranda and minutes, 1967-1974.	150
33	288	Botany Facilities: Buildings, Greenhouse, Arboretum, 1962-1972.	125
	289	Field Area (Smoot Hill) Memoranda and Minutes of Planning Committee, 1967-1971.	125
	290	Library Matters, 1951-1969.	150
34	291-92	Search Committee for Botany Department Chairman, Correspondence, Memoranda, Minutes, 1958-1969.	200
	293	Grant Funding, 1969-1973.	6
		National Science Foundation. Research Proposals
	294-95	1958-1974.	75
35	296-97	1958-1974.	75
36		Addenda: Drafts of Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest Vol. II., by A. Cronquist and C. L. Hitchcock
		Salicaceae
		Polygonaceae
		Chenopodiaceae
		Amaranthaceae
		Portulacaceae
		Caryophyllaceae
		Ranunculaceae
		Misc. correspondence

INDEX OF CORRESPONDENTS

The index to the correspondence of Marion Ownbey consists of selective entries made for the author or addressee of the more significant letters. Items deemed appropriate for entry include those letters which discuss major aspects of Ownbey's research efforts with the genera Allium, Calochortus, Castellija and Tragopogon, as well as those which contain comments on theories of taxonomy, genetics and evolution. Letters relative to the composition of Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest have been indexed as have been those which contain expression of opinion about the administration of herbariums. Items not indexed include those which refer to routine matters, such as herbarium loans, exchanges, and minor acquisitions, as well as routine instructional and university administrative matters.

Citations are to folder numbers. Examination of the container list will give the approximate date of an indexed item prior to actual examination of the material.



A

Abrams, Leroy	25
Alexander, Taylor R.	73
Aller, Alvin R.	38, 40
Alston, Ralph	77
Anderson, Edgar	3, 6, 7, 10-12, 15, 17-20, 22, 28, 32-35, 37, 38, 43, 45, 48-50, 68
Archer, Andrew W.	44
Arnold, Lillian E.	32
Astley, Pati	76
Atebekova, A. I.	62, 63


B

Babcock, E. B.	33, 48
Bacigalupi, Rimo	46, 61, 62, 65
Baehni, Charles	45
Baker, William H.	38
Baldwin, J. T. Sr.	38
Ball, Carleton	14, 18, 22, 24-26
Barneby, Rupert C.	30-32, 45, 46, 48-50, 52
Barr, Claude A.	67, 58, 70
Bartholomew, Elizabeth Ann	15, 16, 18
Beal, J. M.	7, 8, 11, 13
Beaman, John H.	47, 53, 60, 75
Beattie, R. Kent	42-44, 55, 57
Beetle, Dorothy E.	6, 7, 9, 13, 26
Benson, Lyman	2, 17, 22, 24, 26, 28, 31, 39, 45, 49, 62, 63, 65
Berg, Rolf Y.	75, 77, 78
Berkman, Anton	22
Billings, W. D.	40
Blake, S. F.	18, 23
Booth, W. E.	30
Braun, E. Lucy	37, 38
Breedlove, D. E.	73
Brehm, Bert C.	72-80, 82-84, 86
Breitung, August J.	48, 49
Brewbaker, James L.	62, 63, 67
Brewer, Howard	25, 79
Bright, John	18
Buchheim, G.	51


C

Calder, James A.	56, 57, 74
Camp, W. H.	17, 18, 44
Carlson, Mrs. Albert	85
Carmack, Marvin	40, 57, 65
Carter, Annetta M.	19, 20, 25
Castetter, E. F.	57
Chambers, Kenton	46, 50, 57, 58, 71, 75, 88
Champagnat, G.	52
Chang, S. B.	76
Channell, R. B.	66, 71
Chase, Agnes	1
Christ, J. H.	20, 21, 30, 32-34, 36, 43, 46
Chrysler, M. A.	1, 2, 5
Clapham, A. R.	44
Clausen, Jens	1, 26, 48
Clausen, R. T.	82
Clokey, Ira M.	2-6, 9, 10
Cody, W. J.	67
Colman, Charles	84
Conard, Henry S.	6, 31, 42
Condit, Ira	3
Constance, Lincoln	1-5, 7-9, 17, 19, 20, 24, 27, 31-33, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41, 44-46, 48, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 62, 64, 67, 70-72, 79, 80, 84
Cook, W. Douglas	72
Cooke, William Bridge	6, 57, 59
Correll, Donovan S.	37, 38, 61, 62, 72, 73, 80, 85
Cory, R. V.	14
Cory, Vernon L.	16-19, 21-23, 26-32, 34-36, 40, 41
Costello, David F.	1
Craighead, John	83
Cressman, Richard M.	80, 81
Crocker, William	24
Cronquist, Arthur	10, 19, 20, 23-25, 27-29, 41-53, 56-60, 64-66, 68, 73, 77, 79-81, 84
Cutler, Hugh C.	19, 38


D

Daubenmire, Rexford	21
Davidson, John F.	31-33
Davis, Hannibal A.	15, 17-19, 21-23, 30, 31, 35, 36, 53
Davis, Peter H.	51, 54, 58, 59, 66, 67
Davis, Ray J.	2-7, 14, 18, 20, 21, 27, 28, 31, 32, 34, 35, 51, 60
Demaree, Delzie	75
Dempster, Lauramay T.	61
Dennis, LaRae J.	70
Detling, Leroy	8, 9, 11, 44, 47
deVries, Bern	78
Donart, Gary B.	74
Drapalik, Donald J.	65
Dressler, Robert	44
Drew, William B.	27
Duncan, Andrew A.	71
Duncan, Wilbur H.	52
Dyer, Adrian F.	65, 66


E

Eastham, J. W.	28
Eastwood, Alice	34
Edgecombe, S. W.	54
Edgecombe, Winnie S.	54-56, 61
Edwin, Gabriel	68
Ehrendorfer, Friedrich	51, 52, 65, 66
Ehrlich, Paul R.	82
Eide, Paul M.	68
Eigsti, O. J.	42
Ekman, Leonard	74
Elkins, Harry	84
English, Edith Hardin	27, 32, 43
Epling, Carl	22, 24, 25
Erickson, Ralph O.	3
Ewan, Joseph	3, 6, 24, 27, 49


F

Feinbrun, Naomi	38, 40
Fernald, Merritt L.	13
Ferris, Roxana	3, 29, 36, 41-43, 49, 57, 58
Fischer, Ernest E.	32
Flory, W. S.	72
Fogg, John M. Jr.	40, 41
Foster, Robert	17
Fox, Mrs. M. S.	15
Fox, William B.	23, 24, 29, 30, 40, 44
Fraser, S. V.	6, 23, 40, 41, 53
Freeman, Raymond B.	43, 44, 46, 49
Freer, Phillips B.	39
French, C. Clement	51, 52
French, David	62


G

Gaines, Xerpha	22
Gaiser, Lulu O.	39, 73, 76
Garrett, A. O.	26
Gentry, Howard Scott	3
Gibbs, R. D.	79
Giles, William L.	67
Gillett, George W.	60, 64, 65
Gleason, H. A.	9, 11, 12
Godfrey, R. K.	44, 48
Gooding, Leslie N.	48
Gottlieb, Leslie P.	89
Gould, Frank W.	17-19, 21, 22, 38, 39
Green, George B.	84, 85
Greenman, Jesse M.	2-4, 7
Griffin, James K.	87
Grover, Frederick	36, 38
Grun, Paul	52, 60


H

Hanes, Clarence R.	14, 16-19, 21, 24, 30, 39, 48
Haney, Alan W.	84
Hardin, James W.	56
Harvey, Leroy H.	52
Hatch, Winslow P.	31
Hatter, James	43
Head, S. Conrade	58-60, 62
Heim, Roger	51
Heimburger, Margaret	68
Heiser, Charles B. Jr.	23, 33, 36-38, 48, 50
Hemphill, Donald V.	57
Henry, Mary E.	32-42, 44, 46-48, 51, 66, 68, 70
Hickman, James C.	83
Hill, Arthur	2
Hinckley, L. C.	31, 32, 36
Hitchcock, C. Leo	2-11, 13, 15-18, 20-24, 28, 30-34, 37, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47-53, 58-72, 74, 75, 77-84
Hodge, W. H.	45
Hoggman, Frederich W.	33, 34, 37, 39-42, 45, 49
Holm, Richard W.	51-53, 82
Holmgren, Arthur H.	21, 24, 25, 37, 67, 68, 71, 74, 76
Holmgren, Noel	78, 80
Holt, Ward B.	46-50, 56, 58, 72
Hoog, Th.	66
Hoover, Robert F.	45
Howard, Grace E.	45-47, 49
Howard, Thad M.	71
Howe, Thomas D.	39
Howell, John Thomas	13, 14, 25, 29, 33, 39, 42-44, 46, 47, 66, 70, 75
Hulten, Eric	51
Hunt, Dora G.	78, 79
Hyland, Howard C.	67


I

Ihara, Masaaki	72-74
Iltis, Hugh	29, 30, 58, 73
Isely, Duane	41, 42


J

Janish, Jeane	59, 60, 83
Jepson, Willis L.	5, 15
Johnson, Mrs. A. M.	22
Johnson, Penny	70
Johnston, Ivan M.	12, 46
Jones, George Neville	38
Jones, Martha Ownbey	73, 78
Jones, Quentin	38-40, 43, 45, 79, 80


K

Kanl, Vijay	83
Kasapligil, Baki	50, 52, 53
Kearney, Thomas H.	18-20, 24, 30, 31
Keck, David D.	2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 24, 26, 42, 44, 48, 66
Knobloch, Irving W.	62, 76
Kopf, Kenneth	50
Krochmal, Arnold	41
Kroschewsky, J. R.	78
Kruckeberg, Arthur R.	26, 28, 31, 39, 51, 59, 64, 88
Kumar, Vitendra	68
Kutateladze, S. E.	63
Kuzmanov, B.	81, 82, 84
Kyhos, Donald W.	80


L

LaCour, L. F.	59
Lange, Edwin F.	45
Lenz, Lee W.	29, 30, 42
Lewis, John	5.3
Leyendecker, Phillip J.	36, 37
Lindtner, V.	51, 55, 56
Long, Robert	66
Love, Doris	61
Lowry, Robert J. .38, 39, 43
Lucas, E. H.	23
Lundell, C. L.	31


M

MacBryde, Bruce	86
McCullom, Gilbert	49, 69, 70
McKelvey, Susan Delano	24-28
McVaugh, Rogers	25, 31, 38, 39, 45, 72
Maguire, Bassett	2, 4, 5, 9-11, 34, 55
Malouf, Richard T.	85
Mann, Louis K.	44, 54, 57-59, 66, 67, 69, 74, 75
Marttala, Vernon M.	81, 82
Marxmiller, J. M.	86
Mason, Georgia	79, 84
Mason, Herbert	1, 17, 35, 76, 77
Mathias, Mildred A.	36
Mayr, Ernst	33, 34
Meense, B. J. D.	83
Menzies, James	65
Merrill, Grant	52, 55
Mertons, Thomas P.	86
Meyer, Bernard S.	33-36, 38
Meyer, Fred G.	31, 40, 42, 43
Meyers, Bruce E.	82
Mitchell, Salla A.	83
Moldenke, Harold E.	37
Montgomery, F. H.	42, 44, 45, 47
Moore, Harold Emery Jr.	28, 30, 34-36, 42, 68, 82
Morton, C. V.	9, 11, 48, 83
Moss, E. H.	8, 18, 19
Mullen, Lowell	45
Mulligan, G. A.	51, 52
Munz, Phillip	9, 11, 13, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28, 31-34, 36-39, 47, 48, 53, 54, 57, 58, 68, 78, 79


N

Nelson, Aven	21
Nielsen, Etlar L.	23
Niles, Wesley E.	82
Nordenshiold, H.	52
Nygren, Axel	44, 46, 67


O

Ogden, E. C.	23
Ornduff, Robert	44, 72, 75, 81
Overland, A. L.	36
Owen, R. M.	15, 17
Ownbey, Gerald	27, 29-32, 34, 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 46, 48, 54, 56, 57, 60, 61, 63, 64, 68, 72, 78, 85


P

Packard, Patricia R.	67
Packer, John G.	74, 75
Parker, Dorothy	39, 43
Parker, K. W.	16
Parker, Kittie	23, 29
Parsa, A.	50
Payne, Willard W.	87
Peck, Morten E.	8, 11, 24, 27, 30, 34, 35, 38, 40, 44, 49
Peebles, P. H.	19
Pendse, Pat	59
Pennell, Francis W.	2, 4, 6, 7, 9-11, 1518, 21, 22, 26, 30-32, 35
Peters, Elroy J.	75
Peterson, Roger S.	68, 78
Phillips, Walter S.	34, 38
Phinney, Bernard	36
Pissarev, Victor	6
Pohl, Richard W.	23
Polunin, Oleg	58
Porter, C. L.	24-27, 73
Preece, Sherman J.	50, 51, 74
Prokhanov, Yaroslav I.	63-66, 70, 71, 73
Purdy, Carl	2, 4, 6, 7
Pyeatt, Lyle	71


R

Randolf, L. F.	51
Raney, Franklin	44-46
Raven, Peter H.	40, 67, 68, 72, 81-83
Rechinger, K. H.	51, 52, 59, 85
Reeder, John R.	56
Reeves, R. G.	8, 9
Remington, Charles L.	71
Reveal, James L.	74
Robbins, G. Thomas	18-20, 22, 39, 48
Rodio, Gaetano	44
Rogers, H. Thomas	3-10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 29
Rollins, Reed	1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 20, 28, 31, 36, 38, 41, 42, 44-49, 55, 64, 81
Rosendahl, C. O.	10
Runyon, Robert	18, 40
Russell, Norman H.	35


S

Safford, Helen A.	68
Saghir, Abdur-Rahman	75-77
St. John, Harold	9-11, 61, 62, 67
Salamun, Peter J.	78
Sanchez-Monge, E.	4S
Sandwith, Noel Y.	57, 58, 60, 69, 70, 77
Sargent, F. H.	36, 52
Savile, D. B. G.	70
Sax, Karl	78
Schaack, Clark	85, 87
Schallert, Paul	13
Scheerer, Hans	32, 34, 39
Scheffer, Theodore H.	28, 29, 31, 35, 39
Schischkin, B. K.	64
Schmautz, Jack E.	58
Schmidt, Marjorie G.	62
Sharma, V. B.	70
Sharp, A. J.	33, 36
Sharsmith, Carl	1-3, 8, 9
Sharsmith, Helen	2, 22, 59, 68
Shaw, C. Gardner	55
Shinners, Lloyd H.	18, 22, 24-31, 34, 35, 41
Shkvarnikov, P. R.	74, 75
Slater, James R.	71, 72, 75, 78
Smeltzer, Dennis K.	85
Smith, Ben W.	25
Smith, C. Earle Jr.	52, 59
Smith, Charles Piper	24, 26, 27
Sobti, S. N.	88
Solbrig, Otto Thomas	57, 58
Soumalainen, Eeva	26, 27, 30
Sparrow, Arnold H.	79, 80
Sperry, Omer E.	18, 22, 26
Spetzman, Lloyd	84
Staflev, F. A.	44
Standley, Paul	15, 17
Stanndhede, Sven-Olov	70
Stearn, William T.	32, 33, 40, 41, 53
Stebbins, G. Ledyard Jr.	6, 7, 12, 18, 19, 32-34, 48, 51, 54, 61, 62, 71, 77, 84
Steere, William	17
Sterling, Clarence	82, 84, 86
Stern, Kingsley R.	60, 62-66
Stevenson, John A.	68, 69
Stewart, Ralph R.	77, 78, 85
Stickney, Peter F.	79
Stratton, Robert	22, 31, 32, 40
Svenson, Henry K.	27


T

Tharp, B. C.	21, 27, 28, .31
Thieret, John W.	83
Thomas, John H.	81
Thompson, A. E.	62
Thompson, Harry J.	36, 38, 40, 41
Thompson, J. W.	4, 5, 11, 16, 17, 27, 41
Thompson, Paul W.	39, 44
Thorne, Robert F.	40, 54, 57, 58, 84, 85
Thorp, Robbin W.	84
Tisch, Edward	80
Tolstead, W. L.	7
Traub, Hamilton P.	26, 32, 73, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 86
Tryon, R. M.	47
Tucker, John M.	68
Turrill, W. B.	45
Twisselmann, Ernest C.	71, 72, 74


U

Underwood, J. K.	32


V


Valentine, D. H.	82
Vasek, Frank C.	56, 57, 77, 78, 79


W

Wahl, Herbert A.	39, 81
Walters, James L.	24, 25, 41, 50
Walters, Marta S.	80
Ward, George H.	29, 42
Warren, Fred A.	41, 42
Washington, Nat W.	83
Weatherby, C. A.	17, 19
Weaver, Nevin	10
Weber, William	13, 14, 17-25, 27-30, 32, 35-39, 42, 44-46, 55, 64, 84, 86
Weier, Elliot	36
West, Neal B.	83, 84
Wheeler, Helen-Mar	47, 48
Wheeler, Louis C.	2, 38
Wherry, Edgar T.	28, 31, 88
Whitaker, Thomas W.	6, 38, 44, 45
Whited, Charley	28
Widder, Felix	43, 44, 48-50, 63
Wiens, Delbert	73
Wiggins, Ira	27
Willaman, J. J.	55
Williams, Margeret	84
Wilson, F. Douglas	51, 69
Witt, Jean Gleason	29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 39, 47, 56, 73, 74
Witt, Joseph	36, 54, 56
Wood, Carroll E.	54, 64
Woodson, Robert E. Jr.	28, 39
Worth, C. R.	15, 67
Wunrow, Richard	50


Y

Youngken, H. W. Jr.	35