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Pullman, WA 99164-5610 USA
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Cage 146
Ella Elizabeth Clark
Papers, 1944-1965

The Ella E. Clark papers were donated to the Washington State Library by Miss Clark between the years 1959-1968.

Number of containers 5
Linear feet of shelf space 2.5
Approximate number of items 530

Ella Elizabeth Clark (1896-1984) was born at Summertown, Tennessee. After attending high school in Peoria, Illinois in 1917 she became a high school teacher though she did not receive her B.A. from Northwestern University until 1921. Miss Clark continued to teach high school English and dramatics until 1927 when she received her M.A. from Northwestern and began teaching at Washington State University. From 1927 to 1961, when she retired from the English faculty as professor emeritus, she taught both beginning and advanced writing and literature courses and wrote on such diverse subjects as Indian mythology, botany, and firefighting in our national forests.

In 1933, in collaboration with fellow faculty member Paul P. Kies, she wrote a writer's manual and workbook which was soon followed by an annotated anthology of poetry which she authored alone. It was also in the 1930's that Miss Clark began her travels in Canada, Alaska, and the Pacific Northwest in search of the varied myths and legends of the North American Indian which were dying in the wake of the new urbantechnological age. She continued this work into the next decade while continuing to be an active teacher and member of several professional, campus, and local history associations. The Second World War involved Miss Clark as a fire lookout for the United States Forest Service in the Cascades for several summers. This new experience provided her with rich materials for publication on the varied flora of the Cascades and attempts to prevent fire from destroying this natural heritage.

However, the major core of Miss Clark's work continued to be the diverse legends of the Indian. Her findings were published in Indian Legends of the Pacific Northwest (1953), Indian Legends of Canada (1960), and Indian Legends From the Northern Rockies (1966). This scholarly interest in mythology flowed over into a general concern for the well-being and future of the American Indian which is apparent not only in her published works but in her personal correspondence

DESCRIPTION OF THE PAPERS

The Ella E. Clark papers consist in the main of typescript drafts of two books and many articles. In addition, there are manuscript research notes used in preparation for the works on Indian mythology. The rather brief correspondence, both professional and personal, offer an interesting complementary source of information on the varied aspects of Miss Clark's life.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE PAPERS

The papers are arranged chronologically in consecutively numbered folders in four series: Professional and personal correspondence; Drafts of books and articles; Research notes on Indian mythology; and Published articles.

CONTAINER LIST

Box Folder   Description # of
Items
Series 1: Correspondence
 
11Correspondence, 1954-1960, with McClleand and Stewart, publishers of Toronto, Canada re: Indian Legends of Canada (1960).70
2Correspondence, 1954-1960, with libraries, national parks, and Indian reservations in Canada re: sources of Indian legends.25
3Correspondence, 1949-1960, with regional libraries, societies, and governmental agencies in the United States re: sources of Indian legends.35
4Correspondence, 1954-1955, with the Oregon and Wisconsin Historical Societies re: publication of an edited version of George Gibbs' 1856 manuscript on Indian mythology.8
5Correspondence, 1957-1960, with libraries, archives, and associations re: publication of an 1889 memoir of a trip taken on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal in 1859.30
6Letters, reprints, and reports, 1952-1960, from the Association of American Indian Affairs, Inc. of New York City.40
7Correspondence, newspaper clippings, and an article, 1953-1954, re: Frederic Littman, sculptor of the bust of FDR at Grand Coulee Dam.9
8Letters, 1944-1965, from Goldie van Bibber Putnam re: Indian legends, the use of ferries in Washington State, and personal matters. Includes an obituary of Mrs. Putnam.34
9Letters, 1956-1961, from Marie Houghton Brent of Republic, Washington re: Indian legends she had learned as a child and matters of a personal nature that Mrs. Brent believed might be of historical interest to Miss Clark.12
10Correspondence, 1950-1962, with Click Relander, J.A. Harrington, J. Nielson Barry, Otis Halfmoon, Arthur C. Ballard, Cull A. White, Mary Colvig Warner, E.V. Kuykendall, V.O. McWhorter and others re: Indian legends and mythology, the Columbia River, Lewis & Clark, and the termination of Indian reservations.86
 
Series 2: Drafts
 
11-12Typescript draft of Indian Legends of Canada (1960).350 l.
213-14Typescript draft of Indian Legends From the Northern Rockies (1966).400 l.
15Drafts of Indian legends with brief introductions and sources identified.70
316Drafts of published and unpublished articles, 1949-1960, re: Indian mythology, contemporary Indian customs, Indian reactions to Lewis & Clark, and Indian missions in the Pacific Northwest.26
17Drafts of articles re: George Gibbs' manuscript on Indian mythology; Memoir of 1889 about a trip taken on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal in 1859; Includes research materials relative to the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal.8
18Drafts of articles re: botany, firefighting in national forests, scenic wonders, exploration in the Cascades, and liberal arts education. Includes photographs used for firefighting article.53
19 Drafts of nine published sonnets, 1947-1954.
420 Sacagawea of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, n.d.
21 Voices of the Winds, n.d.
 
Series 3: Research Notes
 
522 Animal Stories
23 Blackfeet
24 Bridge of the Gods
25 British Columbia Myths
26 Columbia River
27 Coyote Tales
28 Crater Lake
29 Crow/Assiniboin
30 Fire Myths
31 Fireside Tales
32 General Beliefs and Customs
33 Hood/Adams, St. Helens
34 Indian Tribes of the Northern Rockies
35 Kane/Wood
36 Klamaths/Modocs/Shasta
637 Lewis and Clark
38 McWhorter Papers
39 Manibozho
40 Miscellaneous
41 Olympic Peninsula and Puget Sound
42 Rainier
43 Rocks and Waterfalls
44 Sacagawea
45 Salish
46 Salmon
47 Wallowas
48 Wishram Texts
 
Series 4:Publications
 
749 Publications in historical and nature journals, newspapers, and magazines
50 Bibliographies, 1960-1977
 
oversize Ella Clark, two unidentified Indians, n.d. 1 photoprint